Anatomy of the hip university of the west of england. Hip joint is technically known as acetabulofemoral joint occurs between acetabulum and femur. The upper part is composed of femoral head, femoral neck, greater and lesser trochanters. In the surface anatomy of the hip region, it is possible to palpate different bony landmarks such as the greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, posterior. Inferior aspect innervates lateral rotators that pass inferiorly 3. As the structural linkage between the axial skeleton and lower limbs, it plays a pivotal role in transmitting forces from the ground up and carrying forces from the trunk, head, neck and upper limbs down. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the hip joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments and neurovascular supply. Hip joint capsular anatomy, mechanics, and surgical. A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement. It plays a major role in the static and dynamic physiology of the locomotor system and, although it is the most stable ballandsocket joint in the body, it. Muscles of the hip joint the hip joint can move in, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction external rotation internal rotation the next slide gives a summary of these movements and the muscles involved.
The adult os coxae, or hip bone, is formed by the fusion of the ilium, the ischium. So the anterior portion of the hip joint is innervated by the femoral nerve 2. Ultrasonography is a helpful diagnostic modality for patients with suspected bursitis, joint effusion, or functional causes of hip pain e. Articulation the head of the femur articulate with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint the head of the femur forms more than half a sphere, and is covered with hyaline cartilage except at the fovea capitis the acetabulum presence a horseshoe shaped, lunate articular surface, an acetabular notch and an acetabular. It is a synovial ball and socket joint that occurs between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone. Hip joint is an articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone.
Aspetar sports medicine journal anatomy of the hip joint. The hip is the bodys second largest weightbearing joint after the knee. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. The hip is the largest weight bearing joint in the body, it is surrounded by strong ligaments and muscles.
Extension of hip internal rotation of hip internal rotation of flexed knee posterior pelvic. The ball of the hip joint is comprised of the head of the femur or thigh bone as it is more commonly known, whilst the concavity of the socket is created by the acetabulum, which is a cuplike. The hip joint is a ball and socket type of synovial joint that connects the pelvic girdle to the lower limb. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Ischiofemoral ligament superior, medial and inferior parts all arise from posteroinferior ischium blend with joint capsule intertrochanteric line stabilise hip joint limit extension and medial rotation of hip. In utero fetal hips lie typically in flexion, abduction and external rotation, with the left hip usually being the more rotated.
This mri hip joint axial cross sectional anatomy tool is absolutely free to use. Because the joint surfaces are neither maximally congruent nor close packed, the hip joint is at greatest risk for traumatic dislocation when flexed and adducted 30,31. It joins to the pelvis acetabulum to form the hip joint. Although the anatomy of hip capsular ligaments has been well described in the literature 14, the knowledge of its characteristics and contributions toward hip mechanics and disease processes are evolving. The hip joint articulations movements teachmeanatomy. Any injury or disease of the hip will adversely affect the joints range of motion and ability to bear weight. This joint is a ballandsocket synovial joint and its a very stable joint unlike the shoulder joint, which is very mobile, but not so stable. Stabilise hip joint limit extension and lateral rotation of hip. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Mob tcd acetabulum yshaped epiphyseal cartilage start to ossify at 12 years fuse 1617 years acetabular notch is inferior. Therefore, physicians must know the anatomy, functional anatomy, and pathophysiology of the hip joint. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. Use the mouse scroll wheel to move the images up and down alternatively use the tiny arrows on both side of the image to move the images. The femur may also rotate around its axis about 90 degrees at the hip.
Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Hip joint capsular ligaments serve a fundamental role in balancing functional mobility and joint stability. Mri anatomy of hip joint free mri axial hip anatomy. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. The hip joint is this joint here between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis. Knee instability has a high incidence rate and has been extensively studied over the last decade. The rounded head of the femur thighbone forms the ball, which fits into the acetabulum a cupshaped socket in the pelvis.
The femur has a ballshaped head on its end that fits into a socket formed in the pelvis, called the acetabulum. Amphibians and reptiles have relatively weak pelvic girdles, and the femur extends horizontally. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. The surgical anatomy of the blood supply to the femoral head. Very minimal oscillating type movements occur in sacroiliac joints, as in walking. Chapter 10 the knee joint manual of structural kinesiology r. The thigh bone or femur and the pelvis join to form the hip joint. The hip is a synovial joint of the ballandsocket variety formed by the globular femoral head cupped into the acetabular or cotyloid cavity of the hip bone. Pdf the hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that consists of the articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the. The hip joint see the image below is a ballandsocket synovial joint. Very minimal oscillatingtype movements occur in sacroiliac joints, as in walking.
The hip joint is an intricate structure including hip bones, hip articular cartilage, muscles, ligaments and tendons, and synovial fluid. Hip, in anatomy, the joint between the thighbone and the pelvis. The biomechanics of the hipjoint and its clinical relevance. It is also referred to as a ball and socket joint and is surrounded by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region, inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or thigh bone. The hip joint is a ballandsocket type joint and is formed where the thigh bone femur meets the pelvis. Introduction joint instability is a problem from which both athletes and nonathletes suffer, with one of the most common sources of instability being associated with the knee joint.
This mri hip joint coronal cross sectional anatomy tool is absolutely free to use. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. Mob tcd hip joint one of most stable joints in the body articular surface of hip joint are reciprocally curved superior surface of femur and acetabulum sustain greatest pressure. The upper part is composed of femoral head, femoral neck.
Its primary function is to make the legs mobile without weakening the ability to support the weight of human body in both static and dynamic postures. In fact, because the hip is a deep joint, a proper understanding of the. Pubofemoral ligament obturator crest superior ramus. This does not permit efficient resistance to gravity. The femoral nerve innervates the flexors of the hip joint, which pass anterior to the hip joint. The hip joint is unique anatomically, physiologically, and developmentally. The fibrous capsule is strong and tight and is reinforced by strong ligaments, especially in front of the joint. The hip joint is the articulation of the pelvis with the femur, which connects the axial skeleton with the lower extremity. The flexor muscles of the hip joint table 1 are anterior to the axis of flexion and extension.
Hip joint musculature the muscles of the hip joint operate as part of a closed kinematic chainlink system. It has a deep socket in the form of acetabulum in which the head of the femur makes a good fit. Learn about its anatomy and function now at kenhub. The strong muscles of the hip region also help to hold the hip joint together and prevent dislocation. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone or acetabulum which forms part of the hip region the hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint art.
More importantly, how the hip capsule is managed during surgical interventions. Hip joint bones, ligaments, blood supply and innervation. Functionally, the hip joint enjoys a very high range of motion. The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint, formed by an articulation between the pelvic acetabulum and the head of the femur it forms a connection from the lower limb to the pelvic girdle, and thus is designed for stability and weightbearing rather than a large range of movement in this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the hip joint its articulating surfaces. In fact, because the hip is a deep joint, a proper understanding of the surface anatomy is essential for physical examination and treatment in and around the joint.
Baker orthopaedic research and innovation foundation, sports surgery clinic, santry, dublin, ireland abstract. A problem with any one of these parts of the hip anatomy can result in pain. Anatomy of the hip joint free download as powerpoint presentation. The hip joint is the largest weightbearing joint in the human body. Large ligaments, tendons, and muscles around the hip joint hold the bones ball and socket in place and keep it from dislocating. The superficial muscles at the height of the hip joint consist of the sartorius muscle in a ventral position. In this joint, the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic hip bone the hip joint is a multiaxial joint and permits a wide range of motion. The ballandsocket structure of the joint allows the femur to circumduct freely through a 360degree circle. The hip is a true ballandsocket joint surrounded by powerful and wellbalanced muscles, enabling a wide range of motion in several physical.
It plays a major role in the static and dynamic physiology of the locomotor system and, although it is the most stable ballandsocket joint in the body, it still maintains an. It is a ball and socket joint at the juncture of the leg and pelvis. Chapter 9 the hip joint and pelvic girdle kean university. Request pdf anatomy of the hip joint the normal hip is often described as a synovial ball and socket joint but this hardly does it justice.
448 907 960 471 859 878 879 966 1306 925 564 791 680 1588 1555 1328 1580 1161 1241 1346 766 801 786 452 372 1356 1096