When carthage and rome discussed ways to deal with carthages problems, all they had done was brought the two powers closer to war. Second punic war 218201 by 219, carthage was recovering from the costs of the first punic war and was looking to expand her empire, particularly in spain. The newly appointed hannibal laid siege to the city of saguntum on the eastern coast of iberia as spain was known at the time. The alps are a treacherous mountain range that stood between spain and the italian peninsula. Most of the culture, records and history of the carthaginians was destroyed following the end of the third punic war. Had dust blowing into the romans eyes which made it. He vividly recreates the immense armies of hannibal, complete with elephants, crossing the alps. Hannibal background, gillys incredible site roman expansion. Punic wars part iv hannibal strikes back flash point history. The punic wars was a series of three wars waged from 264146 between the north african citystate of carthage and rome for control of the western mediterranean region.
A study on hannibalazs stratagem during the second punic war. The second punic war broke out in 218 after hannibal s attack on saguntum, an ally of rome in hispania. Hasdrubal barca he was the second son of the carthaginian leader hamilcar barca and the brother of hannibal barca. The carthaginians, under the military leadership of their general, hannibal, marched into italy and won several battle. A captivating guide to the first, second, and third punic wars between rome and carthage, including the rise and fall of hannibal barca. Hannibal left carthago nova sometime in may, and reached the rhone in. At that time, the carthaginians, who were led by general hannibal barca, attacked the roman army by land from north of italy. With this military juggernaut of the ancient world at your disposal, you will vie for control over italy, carthage, spain and the mediterranean sea using a. Examples of cartheginian power prior to the punic wars carthage was a highly advanced city with a large population carthages naval port was the most advanced in the world and allowed them to dock over two hundred ships at once. Although rome had won the first punic war, revanchism prevailed in carthage, symbolised by the alleged pledge that hannibal made to his father never to be a friend of rome. In spain the rival roman and carthaginian forces had fought themselves to a.
At the time, they were some of the largest wars that had ever taken place. Hannibal was raised to hate rome and view the roman republic as the great enemy of carthage o hannibal s father was hamilcar arca, the lead general for arthage at the end o f the 1st punic war in 219 b. His animosity for the romans was influenced by his father and his unique tactics used in the second punic war were innovative but they did not win him the war. This paper will seek to further investigate hannibals strategy during the second. There are very few primary source documents regarding. The two polities was the growing roman republic and the african commercial city of carthage. Rome was in fact the one to declare war on carthage.
As we explore the dusk of the first punic war to the dawn of the second, we can see how hannibal as a military commander was destined to wreak havoc on the. Here is the story of the punic wars, i love to teach the story of hannibal and his war elephants this lesson plan will explain how rome becomes an empire. While rome was busy at other tasks and in other parts of the world, the city of carthage was growing strong again. The second punic wars was one of the most dramatic wars in ancient history, featuring great generals such as scipio africanus as well as the great hannibal barca. The first punic war was a drawn out and bloody affair of 24 years. Hannibal led an army of 40,000 soldiers, 8,000 horses and 37 war elephants in a daring and difficult journey over the alps. Hannibal crossing the alps during the second punic war punic wars wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. We will examine the state of affairs before the first punic war, then move on to look at each war in turn. Jul 16, 2019 hannibal was known for leading the carthaginian army and a team of elephants across southern europe and the alps mountains against rome in the second punic war. Pdf download punic wars hannibal barca guided reading. It was a long war, with rome eventually defeating carthage. May 29, 2016 carthage declined and rome declared war in march 218 bce. In 2 bc the struggle between rome and carthage in the second punic war reached a new intensity. The second punic war spring 218 201 bc, also referred to as the hannibalic war and by the romans the war against hannibal, was the second of three punic wars between the roman republic and carthage, with the participation of macedonia and syracuse polities and numidian and iberian forces on both sides.
H hannibal terrorizes italy for almost 15 years while rome tries everything they can to defeat him. They decided to embark one army for spain and another for sicily and africa. With marcus minucius rufus and publius cornelius being consuls, the second punic war was brought to the romans through hannibal, the leader of the carthaginians, who began to seize the city of spain friendly to the romans, acting in the twentieth year of his age with a hundred and fifty thousand troops. Oct 24, 2017 this feature is not available right now. The treaty between hannibal and philip v of macedon clearly envisaged romes continuing existence after a carthaginian victory. Hannibal s father, hamilcar, led the armies of carthage against the romans during the first punic war. Carthage itself had an advanced plumbing system with high rise apartments. Sources on hannibal the main ancient sources on hannibal are polybius. Rome fought three wars with carthage between 264 and 146509bce. First punic war c carthage already had people on the island, but rome wanted to invade and take over. The term punic comes from the latin word punicus or poenicus, meaning carthaginian, with reference to the carthaginians phoenician ancestry. Immerse your students in a guided reading on hannibal barca and the romancarthage conflicts, the punic wars.
Carthage was a city in north africa originally founded as a trading post by the phoenicians. Origin of the war in hannibals attack of saguntum, a city in spain, in alliance with rome siege and capture of the city in disregard of roman protests 5 15. But the day will come when we will have our vengeance upon them, as we will upon the demons of harappa. Lazenby provides the first scholarly account in english since 1886 solely devoted to the second punic war what some have called the first world war for mastery of the mediterranean world. His father, hamilcar barca, was a leading carthaginian.
The second punic war spring 218 201 bc, also referred to as the hannibalic war and by the romans the war against hannibal, was the second of three punic wars between the roman republic and carthage, with the participation of macedonia and syracuse polities and numidian and iberian forces on. Before their preparations were complete, hannibal began a series of operations by which he dictated the course of the war for the greater part of its. Hannibals unparalleled tacticaloperational successes in italy were rendered irrelevant to the wars conclusion. With this military juggernaut of the ancient world at your disposal, you will vie for control over italy. His father had fought and lost against the romans in the first punic war. R rome did not have a good navy, but needed one to fight the carthaginians.
The second punic war, fought from 218202 bc was led by hannibal on the carthaginian side and quintus fabius maximus verrucosus with publius cornelius scipio africanus on the roman side. Included is a detailed lesson plan with essential questions, standards, aim questio. The second punic war 218201 bc, setting rome against its rival state carthage, is remembered because of the strategic maneuverings between hannibal of. The main cause of the punic wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing carthaginian empire and the expanding roman republic. As architect of the carthaginian war effort in the second punic war, hannibal brought. Hannibal s strategy was to purposefully make the center weak so the romans would drive them back, then encircle the romans. View the punic wars hannibal and hamilcar research papers on academia. The newly appointed hannibal laid siege to the city of saguntum on the eastern coast of iberia as spain was. Carthaginian general hannibal invaded italy and scored great victories at lake. The second punic war is outlined and hamiclair barcas pivotal role in its final outcome, and his early motivations. The second punic war chapter 3 the cambridge ancient. Polybius rightly regarded the latter action as unjustified and the subsequent carthaginian resentment as a major cause of the second punic war. Overview of the second punic war of rome thoughtco.
During the 2nd punic war against carthage hannibal. Hannibal and the first punic war 1406 words bartleby. Fjvses tacsc strategy process model as the framework. Hannibal was seen as the best hope carthage had to defeat rome and he is remembered as one of the best generals in ancient history. The second punic war happened between 218 bc and 201 bc. But even hannibal met his match in scipio, and ultimately carthage was defeated by the rising power of rome. The historical analysis of the punic wars and largely the study of carthage and the punic civilization is very fraught with problems and speculation. Hannibal grew up in military service, and following the 221 bc assassination of. The immediate cause of the second punic war was the decision by hannibal the main carthaginian general at the time, and one of historys most revered military commanders to ignore the treaty between carthage and rome that forbade carthage from expanding in spain beyond the ebro river. In the war with hannibal, livy chronicles the events of the second punic war between rome and carthage, until the battle of zama in 202 bc.
This paper will examine how the grand strategies of carthage and rome were interpreted and transformed into operational campaigns by their field commanders. The wars established rome as a world power and left carthage, once a powerful empire, in ruins. First and second punic wars tes roman expansion the punic wars. The most decisive military defeat in roman history. The punic wars hannibal and hamilcar research papers. He invaded the homeland of his enemy and remained there, undefeated, for fifteen years. Finally, we will examine the immediate aftermath of the third punic war, and the implications this had for the balance of power in the western mediterranean. Rome thought it would be easy to defeat hannibal, but hannibal was full of surprises, including his manner of entering the italic peninsula from spain. In 218bce, a generation after the first punic war, hannibal barcathe son of hamilcarcommanded an army from spain. Cornelius scipio while another one sailed for sicily. Hannibal was determined to reclaim the glory that had once been the carthaginians. Cartographer, department of history, united states military academy the department of history, united states military academy 1 hannibal s route of invasion hannibal s crossing of the alps part of the second punic war hannibal route of invasionen. Next, the campaigns of hannibal and scipio will be analyzed from a strategic perspective to see who better established. Since historians have tended to label the conflicts by the roman name, we know them as the punic wars.
Carthage was no longer in a position to hurt rome after the second punic war, but in 149bce, roman antipathy. The battle of the second punic war 995 words 4 pages. A captivating guide to the carthaginian general who fought in the second punic war between carthage and ancient rome. Hannibal and the second punic war essay 1406 words bartleby. Romans razed the city of carthage third punic war in 146bc. Hannibal and the second punic war essay 3219 words cram. While this war was a lot shorter than the first punic war, it is most well known for the carthage leader hannibal who caused. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history. A little history of the world by ernst gombrich chapters, 15 and 17. Scipio attacks carthage, forcing hannibal to withdraw.
This is a lesson plan that you can use for 23 classes. Rome and carthage in the second punic war is a new and innovative turnbased strategy game that puts you in command of the carthaginian military during a period of total war over land and sea with the young roman republic. Interactive and infographic type reading activity gets your students involved and engaged in their learning. He made his greatest impact during the second punic war against the roman empire. Carthaginians in the first punic war, which lasted from 264 to 241 b. The first punic war was a battle between a powerful army and a maneuverable navy. The two cities signed a treaty of friendship in 509 bc, about the same year the roman republic was founded, and signed two later treaties in. The second punic war, is a twoplayer game that covers the conflict between carthage and rome, during the period of 218 to 195 b. Hannibal expected rome to attack his position in spain and, indeed, a roman army was sent there with 60 quinqueremes under the command of p. The outcome of the first punic war was a resounding victory to rome and the carthage leadership signing a peace treaty advising as such.
After the second punic war, rome realized it would never have peace as. What was hannibals strategy to win the 2nd punic war. Hannibal was known for leading the carthaginian army and a team of elephants across southern europe and the alps mountains against rome in the second punic war. Punic war to determine if hannibal was the military genius he is. Romes strategic victory over the tacticaloperational genius, hannibal barca hannibal barca, general of carthage during the 2d punic war with rome, 218202 bc, has few peers in the annals of military history. The three punic wars between carthage and rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 b. T the war lasted for 20 years, until rome crushed carthage. Hannibal was raised to hate rome and view the roman republic as the great enemy of carthage o hannibals father was hamilcar arca, the lead general for arthage at the end o f the 1st punic war in 219 b. By this point the war spanned the entire western and central mediterranean. Eventually, a roman general named scipio africanus managed to defeat hannibal and bring the second punic war to an end. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Hannibal was born in 247bce, he was the son of a carthaginian general named hamilcar barcareerred, who rallied his north african nationstate from defeat in the first punic war 264241 bc to conquer much of iberia. Therefore all the evidence on hannibal is from a roman perspective and biased against him. Punic wars, also called carthaginian wars, 264146 bce, a series of three wars between the roman republic and the carthaginian punic empire, resulting in the destruction of carthage, the enslavement of its population, and roman hegemony over the western mediterranean.
It seemed as though the superiority of the romans at sea would enable them to choose the field of battle. They kept sending armies into the field, and hannibal stayed in italy for almost twenty years without being able to defeat rome. Hannibal and the first punic war 1406 words 6 pages. The primary site has roman resources and information for pupils. Rome and carthage actually had a long and friendly relationship before the punic wars. Mar 10, 2018 hannibal was used to his loyal troops, and his new mercenary command was no match for scipios army. Hannibals tactics during the punic wars essay example. Though carthage had been defeated, the antipathy or bad feeling caused by hannibals destruction would last for generations and would lead to the third punic war and the downfall of carthage. Hannibal led his troops back to spain and continued fighting against rome. Carthaginian military commander who, in the second punic war, attempted a surprise attack on rome, crossing the alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants. The punic wars were a series of three wars fought between rome and carthage from 264 bc to 146 bc.
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